// <tuple> -*- C++ -*-

// Copyright (C) 2007-2024 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
//
// This file is part of the GNU ISO C++ Library.  This library is free
// software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the
// terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the
// Free Software Foundation; either version 3, or (at your option)
// any later version.

// This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
// but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
// MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
// GNU General Public License for more details.

// Under Section 7 of GPL version 3, you are granted additional
// permissions described in the GCC Runtime Library Exception, version
// 3.1, as published by the Free Software Foundation.

// You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License and
// a copy of the GCC Runtime Library Exception along with this program;
// see the files COPYING3 and COPYING.RUNTIME respectively.  If not, see
// <http://www.gnu.org/licenses/>.

/** @file include/tuple
 *  This is a Standard C++ Library header.
 */

#ifndef _GLIBCXX_TUPLE
#define _GLIBCXX_TUPLE 1

#pragma GCC system_header

#if __cplusplus < 201103L
# include <bits/c++0x_warning.h>
#else

#include <bits/stl_pair.h>		// for std::pair
#include <bits/uses_allocator.h>	// for std::allocator_arg_t
#include <bits/utility.h>		// for std::tuple_size etc.
#include <bits/invoke.h>		// for std::__invoke
#if __cplusplus > 201703L
# include <compare>
# include <bits/ranges_util.h>		// for std::ranges::subrange
#endif

#define __glibcxx_want_constexpr_tuple
#define __glibcxx_want_tuple_element_t
#define __glibcxx_want_tuples_by_type
#define __glibcxx_want_apply
#define __glibcxx_want_make_from_tuple
#define __glibcxx_want_ranges_zip
#define __glibcxx_want_tuple_like
#include <bits/version.h>

namespace std _GLIBCXX_VISIBILITY(default)
{
_GLIBCXX_BEGIN_NAMESPACE_VERSION

  /**
   *  @addtogroup utilities
   *  @{
   */

  template<typename... _Elements>
    class tuple;

  template<typename _Tp>
    struct __is_empty_non_tuple : is_empty<_Tp> { };

  // Using EBO for elements that are tuples causes ambiguous base errors.
  template<typename _El0, typename... _El>
    struct __is_empty_non_tuple<tuple<_El0, _El...>> : false_type { };

  // Use the Empty Base-class Optimization for empty, non-final types.
  template<typename _Tp>
    using __empty_not_final
    = __conditional_t<__is_final(_Tp), false_type,
		      __is_empty_non_tuple<_Tp>>;

  template<size_t _Idx, typename _Head,
	   bool = __empty_not_final<_Head>::value>
    struct _Head_base;

#if __has_cpp_attribute(__no_unique_address__)
  template<size_t _Idx, typename _Head>
    struct _Head_base<_Idx, _Head, true>
    {
      constexpr _Head_base()
      : _M_head_impl() { }

      constexpr _Head_base(const _Head& __h)
      : _M_head_impl(__h) { }

      constexpr _Head_base(const _Head_base&) = default;
      constexpr _Head_base(_Head_base&&) = default;

      template<typename _UHead>
	constexpr _Head_base(_UHead&& __h)
	: _M_head_impl(std::forward<_UHead>(__h)) { }

      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
      _Head_base(allocator_arg_t, __uses_alloc0)
      : _M_head_impl() { }

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(allocator_arg_t, __uses_alloc1<_Alloc> __a)
	: _M_head_impl(allocator_arg, *__a._M_a) { }

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(allocator_arg_t, __uses_alloc2<_Alloc> __a)
	: _M_head_impl(*__a._M_a) { }

      template<typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(__uses_alloc0, _UHead&& __uhead)
	: _M_head_impl(std::forward<_UHead>(__uhead)) { }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(__uses_alloc1<_Alloc> __a, _UHead&& __uhead)
	: _M_head_impl(allocator_arg, *__a._M_a, std::forward<_UHead>(__uhead))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(__uses_alloc2<_Alloc> __a, _UHead&& __uhead)
	: _M_head_impl(std::forward<_UHead>(__uhead), *__a._M_a) { }

      static constexpr _Head&
      _M_head(_Head_base& __b) noexcept { return __b._M_head_impl; }

      static constexpr const _Head&
      _M_head(const _Head_base& __b) noexcept { return __b._M_head_impl; }

      [[__no_unique_address__]] _Head _M_head_impl;
    };
#else
  template<size_t _Idx, typename _Head>
    struct _Head_base<_Idx, _Head, true>
    : public _Head
    {
      constexpr _Head_base()
      : _Head() { }

      constexpr _Head_base(const _Head& __h)
      : _Head(__h) { }

      constexpr _Head_base(const _Head_base&) = default;
      constexpr _Head_base(_Head_base&&) = default;

      template<typename _UHead>
        constexpr _Head_base(_UHead&& __h)
	: _Head(std::forward<_UHead>(__h)) { }

      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
      _Head_base(allocator_arg_t, __uses_alloc0)
      : _Head() { }

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(allocator_arg_t, __uses_alloc1<_Alloc> __a)
	: _Head(allocator_arg, *__a._M_a) { }

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(allocator_arg_t, __uses_alloc2<_Alloc> __a)
	: _Head(*__a._M_a) { }

      template<typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(__uses_alloc0, _UHead&& __uhead)
	: _Head(std::forward<_UHead>(__uhead)) { }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(__uses_alloc1<_Alloc> __a, _UHead&& __uhead)
	: _Head(allocator_arg, *__a._M_a, std::forward<_UHead>(__uhead)) { }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(__uses_alloc2<_Alloc> __a, _UHead&& __uhead)
	: _Head(std::forward<_UHead>(__uhead), *__a._M_a) { }

      static constexpr _Head&
      _M_head(_Head_base& __b) noexcept { return __b; }

      static constexpr const _Head&
      _M_head(const _Head_base& __b) noexcept { return __b; }
    };
#endif

  template<size_t _Idx, typename _Head>
    struct _Head_base<_Idx, _Head, false>
    {
      constexpr _Head_base()
      : _M_head_impl() { }

      constexpr _Head_base(const _Head& __h)
      : _M_head_impl(__h) { }

      constexpr _Head_base(const _Head_base&) = default;
      constexpr _Head_base(_Head_base&&) = default;

      template<typename _UHead>
        constexpr _Head_base(_UHead&& __h)
	: _M_head_impl(std::forward<_UHead>(__h)) { }

      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
      _Head_base(allocator_arg_t, __uses_alloc0)
      : _M_head_impl() { }

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(allocator_arg_t, __uses_alloc1<_Alloc> __a)
	: _M_head_impl(allocator_arg, *__a._M_a) { }

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(allocator_arg_t, __uses_alloc2<_Alloc> __a)
	: _M_head_impl(*__a._M_a) { }

      template<typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(__uses_alloc0, _UHead&& __uhead)
	: _M_head_impl(std::forward<_UHead>(__uhead)) { }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(__uses_alloc1<_Alloc> __a, _UHead&& __uhead)
	: _M_head_impl(allocator_arg, *__a._M_a, std::forward<_UHead>(__uhead))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Head_base(__uses_alloc2<_Alloc> __a, _UHead&& __uhead)
	: _M_head_impl(std::forward<_UHead>(__uhead), *__a._M_a) { }

      static constexpr _Head&
      _M_head(_Head_base& __b) noexcept { return __b._M_head_impl; }

      static constexpr const _Head&
      _M_head(const _Head_base& __b) noexcept { return __b._M_head_impl; }

      _Head _M_head_impl;
    };

#if __cpp_lib_tuple_like // >= C++23
  struct __tuple_like_tag_t { explicit __tuple_like_tag_t() = default; };

  // These forward declarations are used by the operator<=> overload for
  // tuple-like types.
  template<typename _Cat, typename _Tp, typename _Up>
    constexpr _Cat
    __tuple_cmp(const _Tp&, const _Up&, index_sequence<>);

  template<typename _Cat, typename _Tp, typename _Up,
	   size_t _Idx0, size_t... _Idxs>
    constexpr _Cat
    __tuple_cmp(const _Tp& __t, const _Up& __u,
		index_sequence<_Idx0, _Idxs...>);
#endif // C++23

  /**
   * Contains the actual implementation of the @c tuple template, stored
   * as a recursive inheritance hierarchy from the first element (most
   * derived class) to the last (least derived class). The @c Idx
   * parameter gives the 0-based index of the element stored at this
   * point in the hierarchy; we use it to implement a constant-time
   * get() operation.
   */
  template<size_t _Idx, typename... _Elements>
    struct _Tuple_impl;

  /**
   * Recursive tuple implementation. Here we store the @c Head element
   * and derive from a @c Tuple_impl containing the remaining elements
   * (which contains the @c Tail).
   */
  template<size_t _Idx, typename _Head, typename... _Tail>
    struct _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _Head, _Tail...>
    : public _Tuple_impl<_Idx + 1, _Tail...>,
      private _Head_base<_Idx, _Head>
    {
      template<size_t, typename...> friend struct _Tuple_impl;

      typedef _Tuple_impl<_Idx + 1, _Tail...> _Inherited;
      typedef _Head_base<_Idx, _Head> _Base;

      static constexpr _Head&
      _M_head(_Tuple_impl& __t) noexcept { return _Base::_M_head(__t); }

      static constexpr const _Head&
      _M_head(const _Tuple_impl& __t) noexcept { return _Base::_M_head(__t); }

      static constexpr _Inherited&
      _M_tail(_Tuple_impl& __t) noexcept { return __t; }

      static constexpr const _Inherited&
      _M_tail(const _Tuple_impl& __t) noexcept { return __t; }

      constexpr _Tuple_impl()
      : _Inherited(), _Base() { }

      explicit constexpr
      _Tuple_impl(const _Head& __head, const _Tail&... __tail)
      : _Inherited(__tail...), _Base(__head)
      { }

      template<typename _UHead, typename... _UTail,
	       typename = __enable_if_t<sizeof...(_Tail) == sizeof...(_UTail)>>
	explicit constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(_UHead&& __head, _UTail&&... __tail)
	: _Inherited(std::forward<_UTail>(__tail)...),
	  _Base(std::forward<_UHead>(__head))
	{ }

      constexpr _Tuple_impl(const _Tuple_impl&) = default;

      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 2729. Missing SFINAE on std::pair::operator=
      _Tuple_impl& operator=(const _Tuple_impl&) = delete;

      _Tuple_impl(_Tuple_impl&&) = default;

      template<typename... _UElements>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(const _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UElements...>& __in)
	: _Inherited(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UElements...>::_M_tail(__in)),
	  _Base(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UElements...>::_M_head(__in))
	{ }

      template<typename _UHead, typename... _UTails>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>&& __in)
	: _Inherited(std::move
		     (_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_tail(__in))),
	  _Base(std::forward<_UHead>
		(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_head(__in)))
	{ }

#if __cpp_lib_ranges_zip // >= C++23
      template<typename... _UElements>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UElements...>& __in)
	: _Inherited(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UElements...>::_M_tail(__in)),
	  _Base(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UElements...>::_M_head(__in))
	{ }

      template<typename _UHead, typename... _UTails>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(const _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>&& __in)
	: _Inherited(std::move
		     (_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_tail(__in))),
	  _Base(std::forward<const _UHead>
		(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_head(__in)))
	{ }
#endif // C++23

#if __cpp_lib_tuple_like // >= C++23
      template<typename _UTuple, size_t... _Is>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(__tuple_like_tag_t, _UTuple&& __u, index_sequence<_Is...>)
	: _Tuple_impl(std::get<_Is>(std::forward<_UTuple>(__u))...)
	{ }
#endif // C++23

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t __tag, const _Alloc& __a)
	: _Inherited(__tag, __a),
	  _Base(__tag, __use_alloc<_Head>(__a))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t __tag, const _Alloc& __a,
		    const _Head& __head, const _Tail&... __tail)
	: _Inherited(__tag, __a, __tail...),
	  _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, _Head>(__a), __head)
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead, typename... _UTail,
	       typename = __enable_if_t<sizeof...(_Tail) == sizeof...(_UTail)>>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t __tag, const _Alloc& __a,
		    _UHead&& __head, _UTail&&... __tail)
	: _Inherited(__tag, __a, std::forward<_UTail>(__tail)...),
	  _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, _UHead>(__a),
		std::forward<_UHead>(__head))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t __tag, const _Alloc& __a,
		    const _Tuple_impl& __in)
	: _Inherited(__tag, __a, _M_tail(__in)),
	  _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, _Head>(__a), _M_head(__in))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t __tag, const _Alloc& __a,
		    _Tuple_impl&& __in)
	: _Inherited(__tag, __a, std::move(_M_tail(__in))),
	  _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, _Head>(__a),
		std::forward<_Head>(_M_head(__in)))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead, typename... _UTails>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t __tag, const _Alloc& __a,
		    const _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>& __in)
	: _Inherited(__tag, __a,
		     _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_tail(__in)),
	  _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, const _UHead&>(__a),
		_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_head(__in))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead, typename... _UTails>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t __tag, const _Alloc& __a,
		    _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>&& __in)
	: _Inherited(__tag, __a, std::move
		     (_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_tail(__in))),
	  _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, _UHead>(__a),
		std::forward<_UHead>
		(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_head(__in)))
	{ }

#if __cpp_lib_ranges_zip // >= C++23
      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead, typename... _UTails>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t __tag, const _Alloc& __a,
		    _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>& __in)
	: _Inherited(__tag, __a,
		     _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_tail(__in)),
	  _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, _UHead&>(__a),
		_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_head(__in))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead, typename... _UTails>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t __tag, const _Alloc& __a,
		    const _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>&& __in)
	: _Inherited(__tag, __a, std::move
		     (_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_tail(__in))),
	  _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, const _UHead>(__a),
		std::forward<const _UHead>
		(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_head(__in)))
	{ }
#endif // C++23

#if __cpp_lib_tuple_like // >= C++23
      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UTuple, size_t... _Is>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(__tuple_like_tag_t, allocator_arg_t __tag, const _Alloc& __a,
		    _UTuple&& __u, index_sequence<_Is...>)
	: _Tuple_impl(__tag, __a, std::get<_Is>(std::forward<_UTuple>(__u))...)
	{ }
#endif // C++23

      template<typename... _UElements>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	void
	_M_assign(const _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UElements...>& __in)
	{
	  _M_head(*this) = _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UElements...>::_M_head(__in);
	  _M_tail(*this)._M_assign(
	      _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UElements...>::_M_tail(__in));
	}

      template<typename _UHead, typename... _UTails>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	void
	_M_assign(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>&& __in)
	{
	  _M_head(*this) = std::forward<_UHead>
	    (_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_head(__in));
	  _M_tail(*this)._M_assign(
	      std::move(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_tail(__in)));
	}

#if __cpp_lib_ranges_zip // >= C++23
      template<typename... _UElements>
	constexpr void
	_M_assign(const _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UElements...>& __in) const
	{
	  _M_head(*this) = _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UElements...>::_M_head(__in);
	  _M_tail(*this)._M_assign(
	      _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UElements...>::_M_tail(__in));
	}

      template<typename _UHead, typename... _UTails>
	constexpr void
	_M_assign(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>&& __in) const
	{
	  _M_head(*this) = std::forward<_UHead>
	    (_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_head(__in));
	  _M_tail(*this)._M_assign(
	      std::move(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead, _UTails...>::_M_tail(__in)));
	}
#endif // C++23

#if __cpp_lib_tuple_like // >= C++23
      template<typename _UTuple>
	constexpr void
	_M_assign(__tuple_like_tag_t __tag, _UTuple&& __u)
	{
	  _M_head(*this) = std::get<_Idx>(std::forward<_UTuple>(__u));
	  _M_tail(*this)._M_assign(__tag, std::forward<_UTuple>(__u));
	}

      template<typename _UTuple>
	constexpr void
	_M_assign(__tuple_like_tag_t __tag, _UTuple&& __u) const
	{
	  _M_head(*this) = std::get<_Idx>(std::forward<_UTuple>(__u));
	  _M_tail(*this)._M_assign(__tag, std::forward<_UTuple>(__u));
	}
#endif // C++23

    protected:
      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
      void
      _M_swap(_Tuple_impl& __in)
      {
	using std::swap;
	swap(_M_head(*this), _M_head(__in));
	_Inherited::_M_swap(_M_tail(__in));
      }

#if __cpp_lib_ranges_zip // >= C++23
      constexpr void
      _M_swap(const _Tuple_impl& __in) const
      {
	using std::swap;
	swap(_M_head(*this), _M_head(__in));
	_Inherited::_M_swap(_M_tail(__in));
      }
#endif // C++23
    };

  // Basis case of inheritance recursion.
  template<size_t _Idx, typename _Head>
    struct _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _Head>
    : private _Head_base<_Idx, _Head>
    {
      template<size_t, typename...> friend struct _Tuple_impl;

      typedef _Head_base<_Idx, _Head> _Base;

      static constexpr _Head&
      _M_head(_Tuple_impl& __t) noexcept { return _Base::_M_head(__t); }

      static constexpr const _Head&
      _M_head(const _Tuple_impl& __t) noexcept { return _Base::_M_head(__t); }

      constexpr
      _Tuple_impl()
      : _Base() { }

      explicit constexpr
      _Tuple_impl(const _Head& __head)
      : _Base(__head)
      { }

      template<typename _UHead>
	explicit constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(_UHead&& __head)
	: _Base(std::forward<_UHead>(__head))
	{ }

      constexpr _Tuple_impl(const _Tuple_impl&) = default;

      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 2729. Missing SFINAE on std::pair::operator=
      _Tuple_impl& operator=(const _Tuple_impl&) = delete;

#if _GLIBCXX_INLINE_VERSION
      _Tuple_impl(_Tuple_impl&&) = default;
#else
      constexpr
      _Tuple_impl(_Tuple_impl&& __in)
      noexcept(is_nothrow_move_constructible<_Head>::value)
      : _Base(static_cast<_Base&&>(__in))
      { }
#endif

      template<typename _UHead>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(const _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>& __in)
	: _Base(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>::_M_head(__in))
	{ }

      template<typename _UHead>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>&& __in)
	: _Base(std::forward<_UHead>(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>::_M_head(__in)))
	{ }

#if __cpp_lib_ranges_zip // >= C++23
      template<typename _UHead>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>& __in)
	: _Base(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>::_M_head(__in))
	{ }

      template<typename _UHead>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(const _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>&& __in)
	: _Base(std::forward<const _UHead>(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>::_M_head(__in)))
	{ }
#endif // C++23

#if __cpp_lib_tuple_like // >= C++23
      template<typename _UTuple>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(__tuple_like_tag_t, _UTuple&& __u, index_sequence<0>)
	: _Tuple_impl(std::get<0>(std::forward<_UTuple>(__u)))
	{ }
#endif // C++23

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t __tag, const _Alloc& __a)
	: _Base(__tag, __use_alloc<_Head>(__a))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a,
		    const _Head& __head)
	: _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, const _Head&>(__a), __head)
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a,
		    _UHead&& __head)
	: _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, _UHead>(__a),
		std::forward<_UHead>(__head))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a,
		    const _Tuple_impl& __in)
	: _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, const _Head&>(__a), _M_head(__in))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a,
		    _Tuple_impl&& __in)
	: _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, _Head>(__a),
		std::forward<_Head>(_M_head(__in)))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a,
		    const _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>& __in)
	: _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, const _UHead&>(__a),
		_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>::_M_head(__in))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a,
		    _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>&& __in)
	: _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, _UHead>(__a),
		std::forward<_UHead>(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>::_M_head(__in)))
	{ }

#if __cpp_lib_ranges_zip // >= C++23
      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a,
		    _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>& __in)
	: _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, _UHead&>(__a),
		_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>::_M_head(__in))
	{ }

      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UHead>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(allocator_arg_t, const _Alloc& __a,
		    const _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>&& __in)
	: _Base(__use_alloc<_Head, _Alloc, const _UHead>(__a),
		std::forward<const _UHead>(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>::_M_head(__in)))
	{ }
#endif // C++23

#if __cpp_lib_tuple_like // >= C++23
      template<typename _Alloc, typename _UTuple>
	constexpr
	_Tuple_impl(__tuple_like_tag_t, allocator_arg_t __tag, const _Alloc& __a,
		    _UTuple&& __u, index_sequence<0>)
	: _Tuple_impl(__tag, __a, std::get<0>(std::forward<_UTuple>(__u)))
	{ }
#endif // C++23

      template<typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	void
	_M_assign(const _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>& __in)
	{
	  _M_head(*this) = _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>::_M_head(__in);
	}

      template<typename _UHead>
	_GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
	void
	_M_assign(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>&& __in)
	{
	  _M_head(*this)
	    = std::forward<_UHead>(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>::_M_head(__in));
	}

#if __cpp_lib_ranges_zip // >= C++23
      template<typename _UHead>
	constexpr void
	_M_assign(const _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>& __in) const
	{
	  _M_head(*this) = _Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>::_M_head(__in);
	}

      template<typename _UHead>
	constexpr void
	_M_assign(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>&& __in) const
	{
	  _M_head(*this)
	    = std::forward<_UHead>(_Tuple_impl<_Idx, _UHead>::_M_head(__in));
	}
#endif // C++23

#if __cpp_lib_tuple_like // >= C++23
    template<typename _UTuple>
      constexpr void
      _M_assign(__tuple_like_tag_t, _UTuple&& __u)
      { _M_head(*this) = std::get<_Idx>(std::forward<_UTuple>(__u)); }

    template<typename _UTuple>
      constexpr void
      _M_assign(__tuple_like_tag_t, _UTuple&& __u) const
      { _M_head(*this) = std::get<_Idx>(std::forward<_UTuple>(__u)); }
#endif // C++23

    protected:
      _GLIBCXX20_CONSTEXPR
      void
      _M_swap(_Tuple_impl& __in)
      {
	using std::swap;
	swap(_M_head(*this), _M_head(__in));
      }

#if __cpp_lib_ranges_zip // >= C++23
      constexpr void
      _M_swap(const _Tuple_impl& __in) const
      {
	using std::swap;
	swap(_M_head(*this), _M_head(__in));
      }
#endif // C++23
    };

  // Concept utility functions, reused in conditionally-explicit
  // constructors.
  template<bool, typename... _Types>
    struct _TupleConstraints
    {
      template<typename... _UTypes>
	using __constructible = __and_<is_constructible<_Types, _UTypes>...>;

      template<typename... _UTypes>
	using __convertible = __and_<is_convertible<_UTypes, _Types>...>;

      // Constraint for a non-explicit constructor.
      // True iff each Ti in _Types... can be constructed from Ui in _UTypes...
      // and every Ui is implicitly convertible to Ti.
      template<typename... _UTypes>
	static constexpr bool __is_implicitly_constructible()
	{
	  return __and_<__constructible<_UTypes...>,
			__convertible<_UTypes...>
			>::value;
	}

      // Constraint for a non-explicit constructor.
      // True iff each Ti in _Types... can be constructed from Ui in _UTypes...
      // but not every Ui is implicitly convertible to Ti.
      template<typename... _UTypes>
	static constexpr bool __is_explicitly_constructible()
	{
	  return __and_<__constructible<_UTypes...>,
			__not_<__convertible<_UTypes...>>
			>::value;
	}

      static constexpr bool __is_implicitly_default_constructible()
      {
	return __and_<std::__is_implicitly_default_constructible<_Types>...
		      >::value;
      }

      static constexpr bool __is_explicitly_default_constructible()
      {
	return __and_<is_default_constructible<_Types>...,
		      __not_<__and_<
			std::__is_implicitly_default_constructible<_Types>...>
		      >>::value;
      }
    };

  // Partial specialization used when a required precondition isn't met,
  // e.g. when sizeof...(_Types) != sizeof...(_UTypes).
  template<typename... _Types>
    struct _TupleConstraints<false, _Types...>
    {
      template<typename... _UTypes>
	static constexpr bool __is_implicitly_constructible()
	{ return false; }

      template<typename... _UTypes>
	static constexpr bool __is_explicitly_constructible()
	{ return false; }
    };

  /// Primary class template, tuple
  template<typename... _Elements>
    class tuple : public _Tuple_impl<0, _Elements...>
    {
      using _Inherited = _Tuple_impl<0, _Elements...>;

#if __cpp_concepts && __cpp_consteval && __cpp_conditional_explicit // >= C++20
      template<typename... _UTypes>
	static consteval bool
	__constructible()
	{
	  if constexpr (sizeof...(_UTypes) == sizeof...(_Elements))
	    return __and_v<is_constructible<_Elements, _UTypes>...>;
	  else
	    return false;
	}

      template<typename... _UTypes>
	static consteval bool
	__nothrow_constructible()
	{
	  if constexpr (sizeof...(_UTypes) == sizeof...(_Elements))
	    return __and_v<is_nothrow_constructible<_Elements, _UTypes>...>;
	  else
	    return false;
	}

      template<typename... _UTypes>
	static consteval bool
	__convertible()
	{
	  if constexpr (sizeof...(_UTypes) == sizeof...(_Elements))
	    return __and_v<is_convertible<_UTypes, _Elements>...>;
	  else
	    return false;
	}

      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 3121. tuple constructor constraints for UTypes&&... overloads
      template<typename... _UTypes>
	static consteval bool
	__disambiguating_constraint()
	{
	  if constexpr (sizeof...(_Elements) != sizeof...(_UTypes))
	    return false;
	  else if constexpr (sizeof...(_Elements) == 1)
	    {
	      using _U0 = typename _Nth_type<0, _UTypes...>::type;
	      return !is_same_v<remove_cvref_t<_U0>, tuple>;
	    }
	  else if constexpr (sizeof...(_Elements) < 4)
	    {
	      using _U0 = typename _Nth_type<0, _UTypes...>::type;
	      if constexpr (!is_same_v<remove_cvref_t<_U0>, allocator_arg_t>)
		return true;
	      else
		{
		  using _T0 = typename _Nth_type<0, _Elements...>::type;
		  return is_same_v<remove_cvref_t<_T0>, allocator_arg_t>;
		}
	    }
	  return true;
	}

      // Return true iff sizeof...(Types) == 1 && tuple_size_v<TUPLE> == 1
      // and the single element in Types can be initialized from TUPLE,
      // or is the same type as tuple_element_t<0, TUPLE>.
      template<typename _Tuple>
	static consteval bool
	__use_other_ctor()
	{
	  if constexpr (sizeof...(_Elements) != 1)
	    return false;
	  else if constexpr (is_same_v<remove_cvref_t<_Tuple>, tuple>)
	    return true; // Should use a copy/move constructor instead.
	  else
	    {
	      using _Tp = typename _Nth_type<0, _Elements...>::type;
	      if constexpr (is_convertible_v<_Tuple, _Tp>)
		return true;
	      else if constexpr (is_constructible_v<_Tp, _Tuple>)
		return true;
	    }
	  return false;
	}

      template<typename... _Up>
	static consteval bool
	__dangles()
	{
#if __has_builtin(__reference_constructs_from_temporary)
	  return (__reference_constructs_from_temporary(_Elements, _Up&&)
		    || ...);
#else
	  return false;
#endif
	}

#if __cpp_lib_tuple_like // >= C++23
      // _GLIBCXX_RESOLVE_LIB_DEFECTS
      // 4045. tuple can create dangling references from tuple-like
      template<typename _UTuple>
	static consteval bool
	__dangles_from_tuple_like()
	{
	  return []<size_t... _Is>(index_sequence<_Is...>) {
	    return __dangles<decltype(std::get<_Is>(std::declval<_UTuple>()))...>();
	  }(index_sequence_for<_Elements...>{});
	}

      template<typename _UTuple>
	static consteval bool
	__constructible_from_tuple_like()
	{
	  return []<size_t... _Is>(index_sequence<_Is...>) {
	    return __constructible<decltype(std::get<_Is>(std::declval<_UTuple>()))...>();
	  }(index_sequence_for<_Elements...>{});
	}

      template<typename _UTuple>
	static consteval bool
	__convertible_from_tuple_like()
	{
	  return []<size_t... _Is>(index_sequence<_Is...>) {
	    return __convertible<decltype(std::get<_Is>(std::declval<_UTuple>()))...>();
	  }(index_sequence_for<_Elements...>{});
	}
#endif // C++23

    public:
      constexpr
      explicit(!(__is_implicitly_default_constructible_v<_Elements> && ...))
      tuple()
      noexcept((is_nothrow_default_constructible_v<_Elements> && ...))
      requires (is_default_constructible_v<_Elements> && ...)
      : _Inherited()
      { }

      constexpr explicit(!__convertible<const _Elements&...>())
      tuple(const _Elements&... __elements)
      noexcept(__nothrow_constructible<const _Elements&...>())
      requires (__constructible<const _Elements&...>())
      : _Inherited(__elements...)
      { }

      template<typename... _UTypes>
	requires (__disambiguating_constraint<_UTypes...>())
	  && (__constructible<_UTypes...>())
	  && (!__dangles<_UTypes...>())
	constexpr explicit(!__convertible<_UTypes...>())
	tuple(_UTypes&&... __u)
	noexcept(__nothrow_constructible<_UTypes...>())
	: _Inherited(std::forward<_UTypes>(__u)...)
	{ }

      template<typename... _UTypes>
	requires (__disambiguating_constraint<_UTypes...>())
	  && (__constructible<_UTypes...>())
	  && (__dangles<_UTypes...>())
	tuple(_UTypes&&...) = delete;

      constexpr tuple(const tuple&) = default;

      constexpr tuple(tuple&&) = default;

      template<typename... _UTypes>
	requires (__constructible<const _UTypes&...>())
	  && (!__use_other_ctor<const tuple<_UTypes...>&>())
	  && (!__dangles<const _UTypes&...>())
	constexpr explicit(!__convertible<const _UTypes&...>())
	tuple(const tuple<_UTypes...>& __u)
	noexcept(__nothrow_constructible<const _UTypes&...>())
	: _Inherited(static_cast<const _Tuple_impl<0, _UTypes...>&>(__u))
	{ }

      template<typename... _UTypes>
	requires (__constructible<const _UTypes&...>())
	  && (!__use_other_ctor<const tuple<_UTypes...>&>())
	  && (__dangles<const _UTypes&...>())
	tuple(const tuple<_UTypes...>&) = delete;

      template<typename... _UTypes>
	requires (__constructible<_UTypes...>())
	  && (!__use_other_ctor<tuple<_UTypes...>>())
	  && (!__dangles<_UTypes...>())
	constexpr explicit(!__convertible<_UTypes...>())
	tuple(tuple<_UTypes...>&& __u)
	noexcept(__nothrow_constructible<_UTypes...>())
	: _Inherited(static_cast<_Tuple_impl<0, _UTypes...>&&>(__u))
	{ }

      template<typename... _UTypes>
	requires (__constructible<_UTypes...>())
	  && (!__use_other_ctor<tuple<_UTypes...>>())
	  && (__dangles<_UTypes...>())
	tuple(tuple<_UTypes...>&&) = delete;

#if __cpp_lib_ranges_zip // >= C++23
      template<typename... _UTypes>
	requires (__constructible<_UTypes&...>())
	  && (!__use_other_ctor<tuple<_UTypes...>&>())
	  && (!__dangles<_UTypes&...>())
	constexpr explicit(!__convertible<_UTypes&...>())
	tuple(tuple<_UTypes...>& __u)
	noexcept(__nothrow_constructible<_UTypes&...>())
	: _Inherited(static_cast<_Tuple_impl<0, _UTypes...>&>(__u))
	{ }

      template<typename... _UTypes>
	requires (__constructible<_UTypes&...>())
	  && (!__use_other_ctor<tuple<_UTypes...>&>())
	  && (__dangles<_UTypes&...>())
	tuple(tuple<_UTypes...>&) = delete;

      template<typename... _UTypes>
	requires (__constructible<const _UTypes...>())
	  && (!__use_other_ctor<const tuple<_UTypes...>>())
	  && (!__dangles<const _UTypes...>())
	constexpr explicit(!__convertible<const _UTypes...>())
	tuple(const tuple<_UTypes...>&& __u)
	noexcept(__nothrow_constructible<const _UTypes...>())
	: _Inherited(static_cast<const _Tuple_impl<0, _UTypes...>&&>(__u))
	{ }

      template<typename... _UTypes>
	requires (__constructible<const _UTypes...>())
	  && (!__use_other_ctor<const tuple<_UTypes...>>())
	  && (__dangles<const _UTypes...>())
	tuple(const tuple<_UTypes...>&&) = delete;
#endif // C++23

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
	requires (sizeof...(_Elements) == 2)
	  && (__constructible<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
	  && (!__dangles<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
	constexpr explicit(!__convertible<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
	tuple(const pair<_U1, _U2>& __u)
	noexcept(__nothrow_constructible<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
	: _Inherited(__u.first, __u.second)
	{ }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
	requires (sizeof...(_Elements) == 2)
	  && (__constructible<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
	  && (__dangles<const _U1&, const _U2&>())
	tuple(const pair<_U1, _U2>&) = delete;

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
	requires (sizeof...(_Elements) == 2)
	  && (__constructible<_U1, _U2>())
	  && (!__dangles<_U1, _U2>())
	constexpr explicit(!__convertible<_U1, _U2>())
	tuple(pair<_U1, _U2>&& __u)
	noexcept(__nothrow_constructible<_U1, _U2>())
	: _Inherited(std::forward<_U1>(__u.first),
		     std::forward<_U2>(__u.second))
	{ }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
	requires (sizeof...(_Elements) == 2)
	  && (__constructible<_U1, _U2>())
	  && (__dangles<_U1, _U2>())
	tuple(pair<_U1, _U2>&&) = delete;

#if __cpp_lib_ranges_zip // >= C++23
      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
	requires (sizeof...(_Elements) == 2)
	  && (__constructible<_U1&, _U2&>())
	  && (!__dangles<_U1&, _U2&>())
	constexpr explicit(!__convertible<_U1&, _U2&>())
	tuple(pair<_U1, _U2>& __u)
	noexcept(__nothrow_constructible<_U1&, _U2&>())
	: _Inherited(__u.first, __u.second)
	{ }

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
	requires (sizeof...(_Elements) == 2)
	  && (__constructible<_U1&, _U2&>())
	  && (__dangles<_U1&, _U2&>())
	tuple(pair<_U1, _U2>&) = delete;

      template<typename _U1, typename _U2>
	requires (sizeof...(_Elements) == 2)
	  && (__constructible<const _U1, const _U2>())
	  && (!__dangles<const _U1, const _U2>())
	constexpr explicit(!_                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             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